12
Glossary (English–Chinese)
Quick reference for frequent terms, with the Chinese equivalent for working with Chinese suppliers and colleagues. Spell out abbreviations the first time you use them.
| Term | Full form | 中文 | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types and roles | |||
| industrial robot | — | 工业机器人 | Process arm at a fixed station |
| cobot | collaborative robot | 协作机器人 | Shares space with people; capped cycle time and payload |
| robot arm / manipulator | — | 机械臂 | |
| SCARA | Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm | 平面关节机器人 | Fast planar pick-and-place |
| delta robot | parallel robot | 并联机器人 | Very fast, small-payload picking |
| Cartesian / gantry robot | — | 直角坐标机器人 | Linear XYZ motion |
| AGV | Automated Guided Vehicle | 自动导引车 | Follows a fixed route |
| AMR | Autonomous Mobile Robot | 自主移动机器人 | Navigates autonomously with SLAM |
| mobile manipulator | — | 复合机器人 | Mobile base + arm |
| OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer | 原设备制造商 / 本体厂 | Robot maker |
| SI | System Integrator | 系统集成商 | Often delivers turnkey |
| Robot specs | |||
| DOF | Degrees of Freedom | 自由度 | Number of independent joints |
| joint / axis | — | 关节 / 轴 | J1–J6 |
| flange | tool flange | 法兰 | Tool mounting face |
| payload | rated / max payload | 负载 | Tool + part |
| payload diagram | load chart | 负载曲线 | Larger offset, lower allowed load |
| payload margin | — | 负载裕量 | Headroom in sizing |
| center of gravity | CoG | 重心 | Determines off-centre load |
| reach | — | 臂展 | How far the arm extends |
| working envelope | workspace | 工作空间 | Space the tool can reach |
| repeatability | pose repeatability (ISO 9283) | 重复精度 | Deviation returning to the same point |
| absolute accuracy | — | 绝对精度 | Theoretical vs. actual position |
| pose | — | 姿态 | Position and orientation of the tool |
| IP rating | Ingress Protection | 防护等级 | e.g. IP54, IP67 |
| harmonic drive | strain wave gear | 谐波减速器 | Common in light arms and cobots |
| RV reducer | Rotary Vector reducer | RV 减速器 | Big joints of industrial arms |
| backlash | — | 背隙 | Gear play |
| servo motor | — | 伺服电机 | |
| Tooling and sensing | |||
| EOAT / end effector | End of Arm Tooling | 末端执行器 | Grippers, cups, torches… |
| gripper | — | 夹爪 | Pneumatic / electric |
| vacuum cup / suction cup | — | 真空吸盘 | |
| tool changer | quick changer | 快换装置 | Automatic tool swap |
| force control | force-torque sensing | 力控 | Contact-force control |
| machine vision | — | 机器视觉 | 2D / 3D |
| bin picking | — | 无序抓取 | Picking random parts from a bin |
| calibration | — | 标定 | Aligning camera and real coordinates |
| Control and safety | |||
| controller | — | 控制器 | Motion-control centre |
| teach pendant | — | 示教器 | Handheld programming terminal |
| enabling device | three-position enabling switch | 使能开关 | Safety switch in teach mode |
| hand-guiding | lead-through teaching | 拖拽示教 | |
| OLP | Offline Programming | 离线编程 | Programming in simulation |
| I/O | Input/Output | 输入输出 | Interlocks with peripherals |
| PLC | Programmable Logic Controller | 可编程逻辑控制器 | Line control |
| MES | Manufacturing Execution System | 制造执行系统 | Production management layer |
| E-stop | emergency stop | 急停 | |
| light curtain | — | 安全光栅 | |
| interlock | — | 联锁 | Action allowed only when conditions are met |
| risk assessment | — | 风险评估 | Required for collaborative applications too |
| HRC | Human-Robot Collaboration | 人机协作 | Ways of sharing space |
| PFL | Power and Force Limiting | 功率与力限制 | The usual cobot mode |
| SSM | Speed and Separation Monitoring | 速度与间距监控 | Closer person, slower robot |
| PL | Performance Level (ISO 13849-1) | 性能等级 | e.g. PL d |
| SIL | Safety Integrity Level (IEC 62061) | 安全完整性等级 | |
| Core components | |||
| servo drive / amplifier | — | 伺服驱动器 | Powers the servo motor on command |
| encoder | absolute / incremental encoder | 编码器 | Position feedback; resolution in bits |
| rated torque | — | 额定扭矩 | Continuous torque |
| peak torque | — | 峰值扭矩 | Short-term maximum for acceleration |
| rotor inertia | — | 转子惯量 | Inertia of the motor rotor |
| inertia ratio | load-to-motor inertia ratio | 惯量比 | Affects response and stability |
| STO | Safe Torque Off | 安全转矩关断 | Basic servo safety function |
| planetary gearbox | — | 行星减速器 | Common in machines and AGVs |
| gear ratio | reduction ratio | 减速比 | Input speed ÷ output speed |
| arcmin | arc minute | 弧分 | Backlash unit; 1° = 60′ |
| torsional stiffness | — | 扭转刚度 | Resistance to twisting |
| joint module / actuator | integrated joint | 关节模组 | Motor + reducer + encoder + drive in one |
| F/T sensor | force/torque sensor | 力矩传感器 | Six-axis force measurement |
| design-in | — | 设计导入 | Being selected into a new machine design |
| BOM | Bill of Materials | 物料清单 | On the BOM = locked in |
| AVL | Approved Vendor List | 合格供应商名录 | Required before volume orders |
| FAE | Field Application Engineer | 现场应用工程师 | Sales' technical partner |
| second source | — | 第二供应商 | Common way in against an incumbent |
| annual price reduction | APR | 年降 | Yearly price cut in supply agreements |
| MOQ | Minimum Order Quantity | 最小起订量 | |
| VMI | Vendor Managed Inventory | 供应商管理库存 | Supplier holds stock near the customer |
| RaaS | Robots as a Service | 机器人即服务 | Monthly rental or pay-per-use |
| Applications and commercial | |||
| machine tending | — | 上下料 | Loading and unloading machines |
| palletizing | — | 码垛 | |
| CT / cycle time | Cycle Time | 节拍时间 | Time per part |
| changeover | changeover time | 换型 | Time to switch products |
| SKU | Stock Keeping Unit | 库存量单位 | Product variant |
| FPY | First Pass Yield | 直通率 | Right first time rate |
| turnkey | — | 交钥匙 | Complete delivery |
| scope of supply | — | 交付范围 | Contract scope |
| SOW | Statement of Work | 工作说明书 | Scope and interface document |
| interface | — | 接口 | Mechanical / electrical / protocol |
| RACI | Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed | 责任矩阵 | Who does what |
| commissioning | — | 调试 | Start-up after delivery |
| FAT | Factory Acceptance Test | 工厂验收 | At the supplier before shipping |
| SAT | Site Acceptance Test | 现场验收 | At the customer after installation |
| acceptance criteria | — | 验收标准 | Must be measurable |
| change order | — | 变更单 | Priced change |
| TCO | Total Cost of Ownership | 总拥有成本 | The whole bill, not just the robot |
| ROI | Return on Investment | 投资回报 | Often expressed as payback |
| downtime | — | 停线 | Lost production time |
| spare parts lead time | — | 备件交期 | Drives recovery time |
| Incoterms® | International Commercial Terms | 国际贸易术语 | FOB, CIF, DAP… |
| discovery questions | — | 发现式提问 | Needs-diagnosis questions |